REVIEW ARTIKEL: REKOMENDASI EXERCISE PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64094/x5mfsh67Keywords:
exercise, diabetes melitus tipe 2, risiko exerciseAbstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) atau tingginya kadar glukosa darah merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis tidak menular yang sangat kompleks dan memerlukan perawatan medis secara komprehensif dengan pendekatan berbagai multidisiplin ilmu untuk pengendalian kadar gula darah. DM didefinisikan sebagai suatu kelainan metabolisme karbohidrat karena gangguan produksi atau pemanfaatan insulin (atau keduanya), mengakibatkan kadar glukosa darah tinggi dan hilangnya gula dalam urin. Ada dua kategori DM yaitu tipe 1 dan tipe 2, dengan kasus DM terbanyak adalah tipe 2. Indonesia berada di posisi ketujuh dengan jumlah kasus DM mencapai 10,7 juta orang. Berdasarkan proyeksi International Diabetes Federation (IDF), peningkatan jumlah penderita DM akan terus berlanjut hingga tahun 2045 yang diperkirakan mencapai 16,6 juta orang. Penyakit DM merupakan penyebab tertinggi ketiga kematian di Indonesia akibat penyakit tidak menular Ada berbagai macam tindakan yang dapat dilakukan pada pasien DM untuk pengendalian kondisinya. Exercise adalah salah satu pendekatan non-farmakologis yang efektif untuk mengelola dan/atau mencegah penyakit DM. Dalam review artikel ini akan membahas mengenai rekomendasi exercise untuk pasien DM tipe 2. Mekanisme exercise dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah juga akan dijelaskan secara menyeluruh. Selain itu, review artikel ini juga akan menyoroti risiko terkait exercise pada pasien DM tipe 2 dan berbagai pendekatan exercise yang inovatif untuk pasien DM.
Downloads
References
Balducci, Stefano, Sacchetti, Massimo, Haxhi, Jonida, Orlando, Giorgio, D’Errico, Valeria, Fallucca, Sara, Menini, Stefano, Pugliese, G. (2014). Physical Exercise as therapy for type II diabetes. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 32(30), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr
Bird, S. R., & Hawley, J. A. (2017). Update on the effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity in humans. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000143
Care, D., & Suppl, S. S. (2019). 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of medical care in diabetesd2019. Diabetes Care, 42(January), S13–S28. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-S002
Carter, M. R., Mcginn, R., Barrera-Ramirez, J., Sigal, R. J., & Kenny, G. P. (2014). Impairments in local heat loss in type 1 diabetes during exercise in the heat. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 46(12), 2224–2233. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000350
Chiang, S. L., Heitkemper, M. M. L., Hung, Y. J., Tzeng, W. C., Lee, M. S., & Lin, C. H. (2019). Effects of a 12-week moderate-intensity exercise training on blood glucose response in patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective longitudinal study. Medicine (United States), 98(36). https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016860
Cho, N. H., Shaw, J. E., Karuranga, S., Huang, Y., da Rocha Fernandes, J. D., Ohlrogge, A. W., & Malanda, B. (2018). IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 138, 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023
Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., Horton, E. S., Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: A position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(11), 2065–2079. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728
De Matos, M. A., Ottone, V. D. O., Duarte, T. C., Sampaio, P. F. D. M., Costa, K. B., Fonseca, C. A., Neves, M. P. C., Schneider, S. M., Moseley, P., Coimbra, C. C., Magalhães, F. D. C., Rocha-Vieira, E., & Amorim, F. T. (2014). Exercise reduces cellular stress related to skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Cell Stress and Chaperones, 19(2), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-013-0453-8
Francescato, M. P., Stel, G., Stenner, E., & Geat, M. (2015). Prolonged exercise in type 1 diabetes: Performance of a customizable algorithm to estimate the carbohydrate supplements to minimize glycemic imbalances. PLoS ONE, 10(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125220
Gabriel, B. M., & Zierath, J. R. (2017). The Limits of Exercise Physiology: From Performance to Health. Cell Metabolism, 25(5), 1000–1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.018
Guelfi, K. J., Ratnam, N., Smythe, G. A., Jones, T. W., & Fournier, P. A. (2007). Effect of intermittent high-intensity compared with continuous moderate exercise on glucose production and utilization in individuals with type 1 diabetes. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 292(3), 865–870. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00533.2006
Guo, S. (2014). Insulin signaling, resistance, and metabolic syndrome: Insights from mouse models into disease mechanisms. Journal of Endocrinology, 220(2). https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0327
Herriott, M. T., Colberg, S. R., Parson, H. K., Nunnold, T., & Vinik, A. I. (2004). Effects of 8 weeks of flexibility and resistance training in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27(12), 2988–2989. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.12.2988
Kenny, G. P., Sigal, R. J., & McGinn, R. (2016). Body temperature regulation in diabetes. Temperature, 3(1), 119–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2015.1131506
Kirwan, J. P., Sacks, J., & Nieuwoudt, S. (2017). The essential role of exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 84(7), S15–S21. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.84.s1.03
Li, Z., Hu, Y., Yan, R., Zhang, D., Li, H., Li, F., Su, X., & Ma, J. (2018). Twenty minute moderate-intensity post-dinner exercise reduces the postprandial glucose response in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Medical Science Monitor, 24, 7170–7177. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.910827
McCoy, R. G., Shah, N. D., Van Houten, H. K., Wermers, R. A., Ziegenfuss, J. Y., & Smith, S. A. (2012). Increased mortality of patients with diabetes reporting severe hypoglycemia. Diabetes Care, 35(9), 1897–1901. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-2054
Mendes, R., Sousa, N., Almeida, A., Subtil, P., Guedes-Marques, F., Reis, V. M., & Themudo-Barata, J. L. (2016). Exercise prescription for patients with type 2 diabetes - A synthesis of international recommendations: Narrative review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(22), 1379–1381. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094895
MH Abu Seman. (2022). Exercise and type 2 diabetes: a review on exercise recommendation, mechanism of action, exercise-related risk and innovative exercise approach. Ir.Uitm.Edu.My, 5(1), 1–9. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/66710/
Nieman, D. C. (2012). Physical Activity Advice Only or Structured Exercise Training and Association With HbA1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Yearbook of Sports Medicine, 2012, 214–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yspm.2011.12.006
Oktora, S. I., & Butar, D. B. (2022). Determinants of Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence in Indonesia. Kemas, 18(2), 266–273. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v18i2.31880
Okur, M. E., Karantas, I. D., & Siafaka, P. I. (2017). Diabetes mellitus: A review on pathophysiology, current status of oral medications and future perspectives. Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia, 55(1), 61–82. https://doi.org/10.23893/1307-2080.APS.0555
Onyango, E. M., & Onyango, B. M. (2018). The rise of noncommunicable diseases in Kenya: An examination of the time trends and contribution of the changes in diet and physical inactivity. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 8(1–2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.2991/j.jegh.2017.11.004
Pan, B., Ge, L., Xun, Y. qin, Chen, Y. jing, Gao, C. yun, Han, X., Zuo, L. qian, Shan, H. qian, Yang, K. hu, Ding, G. wu, & Tian, J. hui. (2018). Exercise training modalities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 15(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-018-0703-3
Ramtahal, R., Khan, C., Maharaj-Khan, K., Nallamothu, S., Hinds, A., Dhanoo, A., Yeh, H. C., Hill-Briggs, F., & Lazo, M. (2015). Prevalence of self-reported sleep duration and sleep habits in type 2 diabetes patients in South Trinidad. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 5(4), S35–S43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2015.05.003
Richter, E. A., & Hargreaves, M. (2013). Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Physiological Reviews, 93(3), 993–1017. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00038.2012
Roberts, C. K., Hevener, A. L., & Barnard, R. J. (2013). Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: Underlying causes and modification by exercise training. Comprehensive Physiology, 3(1), 1–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c110062
Ruegsegger, G. N., Creo, A. L., Cortes, T. M., Dasari, S., & Nair, K. S. (2018). Altered mitochondrial function in insulin-deficient and insulin-resistant states. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 128(9), 3671–3681. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI120843
Ryan, A. S., Katzel, L. I., Prior, S. J., McLenithan, J. C., Goldberg, A. P., & Ortmeyer, H. K. (2014). Aerobic exercise plus weight loss improves insulin sensitivity and increases skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity in older men. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69(7), 790–798. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glt200
Sampath Kumar, A., Maiya, A. G., Shastry, B. A., Vaishali, K., Ravishankar, N., Hazari, A., Gundmi, S., & Jadhav, R. (2019). Exercise and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 62(2), 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2018.11.001
Savikj, M., Gabriel, B. M., Alm, P. S., Smith, J., Caidahl, K., Björnholm, M., Fritz, T., Krook, A., Zierath, J. R., & Wallberg-Henriksson, H. (2019). Afternoon exercise is more efficacious than morning exercise at improving blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised crossover trial. Diabetologia, 62(2), 233–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4767-z
Shahar, J., & Hamdy, O. (2015). Medication and exercise interactions: Considering and managing hypoglycemia risk. Diabetes Spectrum, 28(1), 64–67. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.28.1.64
Sigal, R. J., Armstrong, M. J., Bacon, S. L., Boulé, N. G., Dasgupta, K., Kenny, G. P., & Riddell, M. C. (2018). Physical Activity and Diabetes. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 42, S54–S63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.008
Stefano, B., Silvano, Z., Antonio, N., Pierpaolo, D. F., Stefano, C., Patrizia, C., Sara, F., Elena, A., Francesco, F., Giuseppe, P., & Investigato, I. D. E. S. (IDES). (2010). Effect of an intensive exercise intervention strategy on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial: the Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study (IDES). Archives of Internal Medicine, 170(20), 1794–1803. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21059972
Stevens, D., Ph, D., Dyer, A. R., Lowe, L. P., & Metzger, B. E. (2013). Page 1 of 35 Diabetes Care. 206, 1–35.
Streckmann, F., Zopf, E. M., Lehmann, H. C., May, K., Rizza, J., Zimmer, P., Gollhofer, A., Bloch, W., & Baumann, F. T. (2014). Exercise intervention studies in patients with peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 44(9), 1289–1304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0207-5
Walton, R. G., Finlin, B. S., Mula, J., Long, D. E., Zhu, B., Fry, C. S., Westgate, P. M., Lee, J. D., Bennett, T., Kern, P. A., & Peterson, C. A. (2015). Insulin-resistant subjects have normal angiogenic response to aerobic exercise training in skeletal muscle, but not in adipose tissue. Physiological Reports, 3(6), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12415
World Health Organization. (2019). Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Https://Www.Who.Int/. https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwupGyBhBBEiwA0UcqaO5qT4k7Z7Z_TcV3ekENgAjR0REk1Xx8hnPi8AKWBFmaJcMMgztZ8BoCQbcQAvD_BwE#tab=tab_1
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Health Research Innovation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Penulis yang mempublikasikan di jurnal kami menyetujui ketentuan berikut:
Penulis memegang hak cipta dan memberikan Jurnal Kami hak publikasi pertama dengan karya tersebut secara bersamaan dilisensikan di bawah lisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International yang memungkinkan orang lain untuk membuat perubahan, mengadaptasi, dan mengembangkan karya tersebut dengan pengakuan atas karya penulis dan publikasi awal di Jurnal. Penulis diizinkan untuk menyalin dan mendistribusikan kembali versi karya yang diterbitkan jurnal (misalnya, mempostingnya ke repositori institusi atau menerbitkannya dalam buku), dengan pengakuan publikasi di jurnal kami.
